پژوهش های فقهی حقوق بشر

پژوهش های فقهی حقوق بشر

نقش کمیته حقوق بشر در توسعه فرامیثاقی حقوق بین‌الملل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه حقوق بین الملل عمومی، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران.
2 دانشیار گروه حقوق، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران.
3 دانشیار گروه حقوق، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: در حقوق بین‌الملل، ایجاد قواعد حقوقی عمدتاً در صلاحیت دولت‌هاست و نهادهای معاهده‌ای عموماً نقش نظارتی دارند. کمیته حقوق بشر به‌عنوان نهاد ناظر بر اجرای میثاق بین‌المللی حقوق مدنی و سیاسی، ظاهراً از صلاحیتی محدود برخوردار است. با این حال، ظرفیت‌های موجود در میثاق و نظام حقوق بین‌الملل امکان ایفای نقشی فراتر از نظارت صرف را برای این نهاد فراهم می‌سازد. هدف این پژوهش بررسی نقش کمیته حقوق بشر در توسعه فرامیثاقی حقوق بین‌الملل است.
مواد و روش­ ها: این تحقیق از نوع نظری بوده ‌روش تحقیق به صورت توصیفی تحلیلی می‏باشد و روش جمع‏آوری اطلاعات بصورت کتابخانه‏ای است و با مراجعه به اسناد، کتب و مقالات صورت گرفته است.
ملاحظات اخلاقی: در تمام مراحل نگارش پژوهش حاضر، ضمن رعایت اصالت متون، صداقت و امانت­داری رعایت شده است.
یافته ­ها:یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد کمیته حقوق بشر از طریق رویه‌های تفسیری و اقدامات نظارتی خود، دامنه تعهدات دولت‌های عضو را فراتر از مفاد صریح میثاق تفسیر کرده و به ارتقای استانداردهای حقوق بشری پرداخته است.
نتیجه­: نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که کمیته حقوق بشر با مشارکت در شکل‌گیری حقوق نرم و جهت‌دهی به رفتار آتی دولت‌ها، علیرغم محدودیت‌های صلاحیتی، نقشی مستقیم و غیرمستقیم در توسعه فرامیثاقی حقوق بین‌الملل ایفا می‌کند.
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