The role of Blockchain in Achieving Criminal Justice from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence and Human Rights

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
amin amirian farsani 1
mahshid yaraghi 2
1 Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities Sciences, University of Gonabad, Gonabad, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of International Law. Department of International Law Faculty of Law and Theology. Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Isfahan, Iran.
10.22034/jhsrj.2025.2064628.1026
Abstract
Background and Aim: Despite significant advances in data technologies, special systems face challenges such as administrative corruption, evidence manipulation, violation of privacy, and overt discrimination. Challenges that hinder the full realization of criminal justice. This research aims to identify and limit the use of blockchain technology in addressing this problem, from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and human rights.
 
Materials and Methods: This research was conducted with a descriptive-analytical approach and was compiled from library sources.
 
Ethical Considerations: In writing the article, the originality of the texts, honesty, and trustworthiness were observed.
 
Findings: The findings show that commonalities such as emphasis on fair trial, preservation of human dignity, and prohibition of inhuman punishments provide a common platform for utilizing blockchain; while differences in concepts such as the right to be forgotten and limits on information disclosure necessitate the design of data architecture with access level control. Based on the analysis of priorities, recording and protecting digital evidence, secure authentication, and enforcement of sentences through smart contracts (with due regard to Sharia considerations) are the most efficient and least conflicting. In contrast, creating public criminal record databases requires strict restrictions and monitoring mechanisms.
 
Result: the use of private or hybrid blockchain networks, off-chain storage for sensitive data, the development of complementary laws in the field of electronic evidence and data protection, and the active participation of jurisprudential authorities and human rights institutions in the design and implementation process. Accordingly, the transition to blockchain-based criminal justice must be gradual, localized, and at the same time based on technical, legal, jurisprudential, and cultural considerations in order to both promote transparency and efficiency and prevent violations of individuals' fundamental rights.
Keywords
Blockchain
Criminal Justice
Islamic Jurisprudence
Human Rights
Judicial Transparency
New Technologies
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