Department of Law, Ard.C., Islamic Azad University, Ardebil, Iran.
10.22034/jhsrj.2025.2059159.1017
Abstract
Background and Aim: Espionage is one of the oldest crimes against sovereignty and public security. The purpose of this study is to explain the approach of the five major schools of thought to the effects of the crime of espionage within the framework of human rights. Materials and Methods: This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles. Ethical Considerations: In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed. Findings: In the practice of governments, espionage is one of the crimes that has a specific approach to it. The reason for this is the purpose of espionage and its impact on national security. International documents do not provide a supportive approach to spies in the process of trial and execution of sentences. For this reason, the effects of the crime of espionage have direct effects on human rights. Conclusion: Espionage is related to human rights in two ways: positively, in the sense of using appropriate and fair methods to establish public security in Islamic society and create peace and friendship in society, and negatively, in the sense of denying the secrets of Islamic society and confronting those who use espionage tools to expose the security of society and its secrets.
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Anaraki Toodashki,M. (2025). The Approach of the Five Religions to the Effects of the Crime of Espionage Within the Framework of Human Rights. Human rights jurisprudential research, 2(1), 35-48. doi: 10.22034/jhsrj.2025.2059159.1017
MLA
Anaraki Toodashki,M. . "The Approach of the Five Religions to the Effects of the Crime of Espionage Within the Framework of Human Rights", Human rights jurisprudential research, 2, 1, 2025, 35-48. doi: 10.22034/jhsrj.2025.2059159.1017
HARVARD
Anaraki Toodashki M. (2025). 'The Approach of the Five Religions to the Effects of the Crime of Espionage Within the Framework of Human Rights', Human rights jurisprudential research, 2(1), pp. 35-48. doi: 10.22034/jhsrj.2025.2059159.1017
CHICAGO
M. Anaraki Toodashki, "The Approach of the Five Religions to the Effects of the Crime of Espionage Within the Framework of Human Rights," Human rights jurisprudential research, 2 1 (2025): 35-48, doi: 10.22034/jhsrj.2025.2059159.1017
VANCOUVER
Anaraki Toodashki M. The Approach of the Five Religions to the Effects of the Crime of Espionage Within the Framework of Human Rights. Human rights jurisprudential research, 2025; 2(1): 35-48. doi: 10.22034/jhsrj.2025.2059159.1017