Relations between national law and international environmental law with emphasis on human rights

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Mehri Toutounchian 1
Ahmad Reza Khazaei 2
1 PhD in Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/jhsrj.2025.2049908.1001
Abstract
Background and Aim: International environmental law is considered as one of the branches of international law, for its development and formulation, the model of development and formulation of other branches of international law, which is the same movement from recommended law to substantive and hard law, was used. However, over time, the institution of sovereignty acted as a fundamental and impenetrable obstacle to the development and formulation of international environmental law.
Materials and Methods: This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.
Ethical Considerations: In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.
Findings: Various mechanisms of international law to modify the concept of sovereignty proved completely ineffective due to the macro-economic use of the environment by governments, and inevitably efforts were initiated to modify sovereignty from within. The research findings show that national law, and specifically the foundations of its approach to the environment, served as the main tool for adjusting the national sovereignty of states.
Conclusion: Value-based and religious approaches to the right to a healthy environment in the national legal system and the responsibility to preserve it in international documents and practice have been crystallized, and as a result of this approach, the national sovereignty of states has been greatly modified through national legal mechanisms. These approaches have even been effective in the practice of international authorities. These approaches have even been effective in the practice of international authorities.
Keywords
International environmental law
national sovereignty
environmental philosophy
jus cogens
- بری، جان، محیط زیست و نظریة اجتماعی، ترجمة حسن پویان و نیره توکلی، تهران، سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست، 1380.
- بنسون، جان، اخلاق محیط زیست، مجموعه مقالات و بررسی‌ها، ترجمة عبدالحسین وهاب­زاده، تهران، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی، 1382.
- خزایی، احمدرضا؛ یاقوتی، ابراهیم؛ بیرانوند، فرید، «تعامل حقوق بین­الملل محیط زیست و حاکمیت ملی دولت­ها در پرتو نگاه اخلاقی به منابع حقوق بین­الملل»، فصلنامة علوم و تکنولوژی محیط زیست، شمارة 5، 1398.
- مشهدی، علی؛ فهیمی، عزیز الله، «ارزش ذاتی و ارزش ابزاری در فلسفة محیط زیست»، فصلنامة علمی-پژوهشی دانشگاه قم، سال یازدهم، شمارة اول. 1388.
- مطوف، شریف، «برنامه­ریزی، توسعه و مشارکت مردم»، مجلة پگاه حوزة، شمارة 107، 1382.
- هانتینگتون، ساموئل، گروه ترجمة انجمن توسعة مدیریت ایران، اهمیت فرهنگ، تهران، مؤسسة‌ انتشارات‌ امیر‌کبیر ،۱۳۸۳.
- یوسف، مولایی، «نسل سوم حقوق بشر و حق به محیط زیست سالم»، فصلنامه حقوق، دورة سی­وهفتم، شمارة 4، 1386.
- Wejnert, Barbara, Linking Environment, Democracy and Gender (Research in Political Sociology), Emerald Group Publishing Limited; 1 edition (December 17, 2012)
- Brendan Simms, Humanitarian Intervention: A History Paperback, Cambridge University Press (August 22, 2013).
- Hoffmann, Julia, and others, Responsibility to Protect: From Principle to Practice, Amsterdam University Press (June 15, 2012)
- Jane A. Grant, Community, Democracy, and the Environment: Learning to Share the Future, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers (October 7, 2003).
- Leib, Linda Hajjar, Human Rights and the Environment: Philosophical, Theoretical, Martinus Nijhoff, 2011.
- McDonald, Hugh P. John Dewey and Environmental Philosophy, London, SUNY Press, 2012.
- Morera, Esteve, Gramsci, Materialism, and Philosophy, Hague, Routledge, 2016.
- O'Riordan, Timothy, Environmental Science for Environmental Management, Hague, Routledge, 2014.
- Parhizgar, Kamal Dean, Multicultural Behavior and Global Business Environments, London, Routledge, 2013.
- Robert A. Peterson, Election and Free Will: God's Gracious Choice and Our Responsibility, P & R Publishing (September 1, 2007)Top of Form
- Sabau, Gabriela-Lucia, Critical Realism and the Objective Value of Sustainability, Taylor & Francis, 2024.
- Schaller, Mark, others, The Psychological Foundations of Culture, Psychology Press; 1 edition (August 3, 2003)
- Weir, Lucy, Philosophy as Practice in the Ecological Emergency, London, Springer, 2024.